Thursday, August 27, 2020

Demand and Supply Concept Of Certain Resources In Australia-Case Study

Question-How Demand and flexibly of specific assets in Australia and factors other than value which influence request and gracefully? Substance Presentation System of Demand and Supply Investigation of interest and flexibly of specific assets of Australian Market: End Refrences Presentation Request and flexibly are two significant devices of microeconomic investigation. Request alludes to how much amount of an item is wanted and bought by a purchaser at a given value level, where gracefully of an item speaks to how much amount of an item that a market can offer at a given value level. Request and gracefully of an item relies upon various components. Request of an item (assume, X) relies upon the cost of that item (PX), cost of the related wares, customers pay, populace or number of purchaser, test and inclinations of shoppers and so on., while flexibly of an item ( assume, X), relies upon the cost of that item (PX), creation cost, cost of creation factors, future assumption regarding the value level and so forth. Before talking about the interest and gracefully of specific assets in Australia and factors other than value which influence request and flexibly, the instrument of interest and flexibly in microeconomic examination ought to be finished. Becoming weary of Never-Ending Assignments? Recruit an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. System of Demand and Supply As indicated by Marshal, every other factor that decide the interest of an item, staying consistent, on the off chance that the cost of the item builds, at that point request will diminish and if the cost diminishes, request will increment. That implies there is a negative connection among cost and amount request. Then again, all different elements that decide the flexibly of an item, staying consistent, on the off chance that the cost of the item expands, at that point gracefully will rise and on the off chance that the value diminishes, at that point flexibly will fall. Consequently, there is a positive connection among cost and flexibly of that item. On the off chance that this interest and flexibly powers of market can work openly, at that point we can get the balance showcase request at balance advertise cost, where request and gracefully of the item is equivalent. Hence, request and gracefully powers decide the market cost in a free market economy, without government intercessi on (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005). This can be appeared in the accompanying chart of interest and flexibly (Figure: - 1). On the off chance that there is overabundance request in economy, cost level will increment and with the expansion in cost level, providers will expand the flexibly, which will satisfy the need at balance level (Hyman, 1988). Presently, on the off chance that different variables of interest aside from its own, value change, at that point request bend will move to upward or descending. For instance, in the event that pay of an individual expands, at that point at a similar cost level interest will increment and request bend will move upward and on the off chance that pay diminishes, at that point request will fall and the interest bend will move toward down as in figure:- 2. Then again, in the event that different components of gracefully aside from its own value, change, at that point flexibly bend will move towards up or down at a similar value level (McTaggart, Findlay and Parkin, 2012). For instance, on the off chance that creation cost of an item expands, at that point the gracefully will diminish and the flexibly bend will move towards down and in the event that the creation cost diminishes, at that point gracefully will increment and the gracefully bend will move towards up, as appeared in figure:- 3(Fernandez and Lagunoff, n.d.). Presently, from the above examination of interest and flexibly, the investigation of interest and gracefully of specific assets in Australia should be possible as follows. Investigation of interest and gracefully of specific assets of Australian Market:- In Australia, there exist various assets like horticultural asset, mining asset, human asset and so on. However, request gracefully investigation for these assets in Australia, is pretty much same, yet there exist slight contrasts between these examination. In spite of the fact that the interest gracefully examination for the horticultural sources is same as the above investigation, however if there should be an occurrence of mining assets and HR, the interest flexibly examination is unique (Abowd and Freeman, 1991). There exist some exogenous variables of the economy which get various outcomes request gracefully investigation of different assets of the economy (Anon, 2015). For instance, if there should arise an occurrence of Eastern Australian Gas advertise, there exists an asymmetry of alternative popular flexibly examination. Previously, 1990s, the interest in Australian Gas showcase was not all that high in light of global market pressure, and not on account of its value level. From 1990s, because of the huge scope improvement of fare, both the interest and gracefully of Eastern Australian Gas showcase have expanded all through the period of time. Presently, in the event that we consider, the contextual investigation of Bowen Surat gas fields in Australia, we can see that in next twelve years, the gracefully of LNG from this gas field was totally inaccessible for the residential market, however there was no normal purpose behind fall in flexibly of LNG. This circumstance happened totally because of an outer explanation. For this twelve years, all the gases delivered in this field, were completely contracted to LNG send out. In spite of the fact that there was sufficient gas in the eastern hold to meet the residential flexibly and there was no deficiency popular zone, there was shortfall gracefully of gases in the market (Musgrove and Stocks, 1985). Once more, in the event that we focus on component of interest and flexibly of human asset of Australia, we can see that the interest for human asset in Australian market is overabundance than the gracefully of gifted work, which results a climb in the pay level of laborers. In any case, inspite of this high pay level, expanded gracefully can't fulfill the need as there is an absence of talented work in Australian market (Human Resource Management Australia, 1988)). End Subsequently, structure the above examination we can say that the interest and gracefully of any item, not just relies upon the value level of the item, yet in addition on some endogenous and exogenous components. References Abowd, J. furthermore, Freeman, R. (1991).Immigration, exchange, and the work showcase. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Anon, (2015). Fernandez, J. furthermore, Lagunoff, R. (n.d.).Three Essays on Microeconomic Dynamics. Human Resource Management Australia. (1988).Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 26(1), pp.113-114. Hyman, D. (1988).Modern microeconomics. Boston, MA: Irwin. McTaggart, D., Findlay, C. furthermore, Parkin, M. (2012).Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson. Human Resource Management Australia. (1988).Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 26(1), pp.113-114. Pindyck, R. furthermore, Rubinfeld, D. (2005).Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

America Industrial Revolution free essay sample

Modern unrest has been distinguished as the characterizing power behind the gigantic financial development saw in the American country during the nineteenth and twentieth century (Hudson 56). Because of modern transformation, the American country improved its capacity to direct large scale manufacturing both for its household needs and surplus for trade. Just to be acknowledged here is the factor that the practical financial advancement of any country doesn't just rely upon independence however on its capacity to direct worldwide business. Another significant part of the American mechanical insurgency is that it prompted the formalization of business, a factor that served to relieve human misuse (Collier, and Kevin 21). Â However, the American modern upheaval is accused for trading off the supportable upper hand of little scope cortege ventures in the country (Michigan State University). The upset is additionally essentially accused for bargaining the social character of the individual American ethnic gatherings (Hudson 88). This is on the grounds that it prompted expanded social intermixing of races just as cross-race relationships. All things considered, the insurgency is firmly credited to an expansion in natural perils among American people group (Hudson 91). This paper is composed as a conversation on the impacts of the American modern upset. The creator investigates the two sides of the ramifications of the upheaval to the American individuals. Impacts of mechanical upheaval to the life of the Americans There are numerous beneficial outcomes of the American mechanical transformation to the individuals of America. As indicated by accessible authentic data, the monstrous mechanical development in the American country during the nineteenth century is the immediate consequence of its present superpower status in the globe. Following the development of the modern upset, the individuals of America delighted in the idea of expanded creation in the ventures, a factor that enormously improved their speculation productivity (Collier, and Kevin 21). It is important that the sole reason for any financial specialist is to guarantee most extreme benefits. In spite of the fact that slaves gave modest work to rural ventures in America, their efficiency couldn't a lot of the modernized rural practices that accompanied the mechanical transformation. Another significant impact of the American modern upset is that it prompted the formalization of work in the country (Collier, and Kevin 21). Before the beginning of the modern upheaval, bondage was one of the most usually utilized types of work for filling the economy of America. This was an invalidation of the human rights since slaves were seen as a property to their lords instead of individuals who merited not too bad treatment. All things considered, with the happening to the modern transformation, there came increasingly powerful and solid machine innovations, a factor which refuted the requirement for constrained work in the enterprises (Collier, and Kevin 25). This significantly improved the working conditions for the utilized individuals of America. Still on formalization of work is the making of new business open doors for the American residents (Michigan State University). The beginning of modern insurgency carried with it new openings for the distinctive expert classes in the American country. This didn't just serve to improve the expectations for everyday comforts for certain individuals from the network yet additionally as a support for demonstrable skill among Americans. Additionally, the upset is to be expressed gratitude toward for the inventive improvement of mechanical administration and initiative standards just as key advertising rehearses in America (Collier, and Kevin 27). With expanded degree of profitability, the executives and mechanical administration standards developed. Such additionally required the expansionism procedure by the American country in the mission to guarantee economical market for its excess items. As per advocates of the mechanical upset, the American modern transformation carried with it the requirement for imaginative way to deal with critical thinking. It is appropriately declared that need is a definitive mother of innovation. All things considered, it is worth to recognize the way that the procedure of industrialization has experienced numerous difficulties. In view of this thinking, the American mechanical unrest is lauded for the general improvement of the innovative and monetary remain of the American country (Collier, and Kevin 28). According to the accessible data, America is one of the main impacts in the worldwide modern item market to date. This gives its residents an upper hand over those of different countries. Likewise, the broad mechanical upset that checked America during the nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years are to be lauded for the force control appreciated by the country over the globe (Michigan State University). As indicated by accessible data, because of the impact of its mechanical transformation, the American country appreciates the upper hand of scholarly properties. Just to be underscored here is the way that scholarly properties are found to advance the monetary preferred position of a country. This is on the grounds that they are secured by the law against use by different people without giving business advantages to the source. In this manner, since the upset prompted foundation of various licensed innovation rights, it served to ensure the social and monetary dependability of the American individuals (Hudson 67).

Friday, August 21, 2020

WordPress Allow Contributors To Upload Files

WordPress Allow Contributors To Upload Files Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!WordPress: Allow Contributors To Upload FilesUpdated On 23/04/2011Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WordPressShort URL : http://hbb.me/Y7oIK9 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogLot of contributors suffered from this problem. They cant able to upload any kind of files through their dashboard. I also got lot of complaints regarding this. So just thought of sharing this.Actually there are two ways to allow contributors to upload files. Either you can try a WordPress plugin (Recommended) or try some coding.But personally I prefer the WordPress plugin method. Through which you can increase the capabilities of contributors.A Contributor is somebody who can write and manage their posts but not publish them.1. WordPress Plugin Capability ManagerCheck Upload Files In Capabilities for Contributor | User role#1. Install and activate Capability Manager Plugin.#2. Go to Users | Capabili ties.#3. Select Capabilities for Contributor|User role.#4. Check Upload Files and Save.2. Paste the following Code in functions.phpif ( current_user_can('contributor') function allow_contributor_uploads() { $contributor = get_role('contributor'); $contributor->add_cap('upload_files'); }Just paste the above code snippet in your themes functions.php file and for thesis users, just copy and paste the code in custom_functions.php file.First of all, make sure you take a backup of functions.php or custom_functions.php file before implementing this tutorial. Play it safe.If you enjoyed this article, please consider sharing it! ??READLeverage Browser Caching To Improve Site Speed

Monday, May 25, 2020

A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man - 1594 Words

Jamie Anderson EL111 The purpose of this essay is to discuss how James Joyce’s seminal novel A Portrait of the Artist as a young man, is experimental with regards to plot, point of view, language, symbolism, style and character development, and will begin with a brief introduction. Many artists, be they of the pen, brush or instrument, seek through innovation an artistic immortality that has the potential to act as a blueprint from which imitation is spawned. Joyce’s Portrait is at its core innovative pioneering prose, and it can be argued that this is rebellion in its purest form. For the reaction of the sensitive, of the artistic, to a society which, once just and familiar, was then in great turmoil, is to turn inwards, question the self, and subsequently sculpt something that is reflective of their artistic impulses and embodies the distrust and rebellion they feel within. Joyce has produced with portrait a stylistically ambitious piece of work that is undoubtedly modernist in its appro ach, that is to say it has an ambiguity to it that often renders the aforementioned components of the novel incoherent. The modernist’s central preoccupations in regards to the inner self, consciousness, experimentation with form, and the subsequent emancipation from the constraints of the Victorian aesthetics are evident throughout Portrait of an Artist. Incoherency and the desire to confuse through the manipulation of form, is particularly potent regarding the plot of the novel.Show MoreRelatedA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1038 Words   |  5 Pageshis novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce and his character, Stephen Dedalus, share a wide variety of similarities, all the way from childhood aspects, to challenges of adulthood. Because of these similarities, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, is considered an autobiography. James Joyce created the character, Stephen Dedalus, as a mirrored image of himself in both A Portrait of the Artist as a Yo ung Man and Ulysses. However, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man describes Joyce’sRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus grows out of a repressive society fueled by religious beliefs to realize his true desire to be an artist. In Ireland at the time, there is no influence as strong as religion but somehow Stephen is able to look over the wall and find determination to be an artist. He faces numerous struggles along his path and since the novel ends with Stephen just deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the religious influencesRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the rest of the people around him. Analyzing Stephen’s coming of age from such a perspective, that of a virtual stranger, shaped the conclusions that were drawn as well as the life events that were deemed significantRead MorePortrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1620 Words   |  7 PagesPortrait of the Artist as a Young Man is an excellent novel, written by James Joyce, about the life of Stephen Dedalus and how he overcame the barriers of his family and his religion to pursue his life as a writer. Drawing on details based on his own early life, Joyce provides us â€Å"with insight into how his own imagination worked† (Gose, 267). Extensive use of stream of consciousness, which represent the character’s inner thoughts and perceptions, and like human thoughts jumping from one thought toRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1742 Words   |  7 Pagescontemplated his ever-present melancholy, his plunge into sinful ab andon and his guilty conversion into an unbearably obsessive religious fervor as well as his later struggle to define his passion and purpose. In the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the restRead MorePortrait of the Artist as a Young Man882 Words   |  4 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, a boy growing up in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century, as he gradually decides to cast off all his social, familial, and religious constraints to live a life devoted to the art of writing. Right at the beginning of the novel is the epigraphy Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes. This loosely translates into â€Å"he sent his soul into unknown arts.† This epigraphy is the bases of the novel; how Stephen explores is bodyRead More A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man Stephen Dedalus - Rebel Without a Cause? His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her grave-clothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable Throughout A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus is persistently portrayed as the outsider, apart from the society he andRead More Essay on the Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man  Ã‚        Ã‚   A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man by James Joyce is a partly autobiographical account of the authors life growing up.   The novel chronicles the process through which the main character, Stephen, struggles against authority and religious doctrine to develop his own philosophies on life.   Stephen is not necessarily rebelling against God and his father as much as he is finding his own person, creating his own life.   HeRead More Essay on the Soul of the Artist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man2954 Words   |  12 PagesSoul of the Artist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man unfolds, protagonist Stephen Dedalus personal vision grows closer and closer to that of an artist. Stephen attempts throughout the story to understand the inspiration he receives while being tormented by influences that seem to distract him. Stephens thoughtful approach to his experiences, brings him through his tormented youth to a refined understanding ofRead More The Esthetic Theory and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Esthetic Theory and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man  Ã‚  Ã‚   In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus defines beauty and the artists comprehension of his/her own art. Stephen uses his esthetic theory with theories borrowed from St. Thomas Aquinas and Plato. The discourse can be broken down into three main sections: 1) A definitions of beauty and art. 2) The apprehension and qualifications of beauty. 3) The artists view of his/her own work. I will explain how the

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Bureau Of Justice Statistics The United States Primary...

Capital Punishment. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). U.S. Department of Justice. 25 Nov. 2014. Web. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. Bureau of Justice Statistics is the United States primary source for criminal justice statistics. The website has published information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is a component of the Office of Justice Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice.† The data on the website are official and are critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded. The website†¦show more content†¦However, this is published in 2009, which may be out of date. Death Penalty Information Center. DPIC. N.p., 26 Nov. 2014. Web. 28 Nov. 2014. The Death Penalty Information Center is a national non-profit organization serving the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment. The site contains in-depth reports on the death penalty, fact sheet, execution database as well as the latest statistics. The website also has reports on various issues and news related to the death penalty. According to the DPIC, in their website, â€Å"[DPIC’s] reports and press releases are widely quoted and consulted by reporters in the United States and around the globe.† DPIC’s information are credible enough for some of the most notable media such as the BBC and CNN to cover it. The website has been constantly revised, therefore it is most likely to be up to date. Van Den Haag, Ernest. The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense. 2014. Social and Personal Ethics. Ed. William H. Shaw. 8th Ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, 2014. 307-22. Print. Ernest van den Haag, a long-time defender of capital punishment, answers various criticisms of the death penalty. Van den Haag, in his essay, state that â€Å"Threats and punishments are necessary to deter and deterrence is a sufficient practical justification for [capital punishment]† (318). Van den Hang believes in the deterrent effect of the death penalty, and argue that retribution is

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Organizational Behavior Essay - 1553 Words

Organizational Behavior Shermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2005, Section 1, defines Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of individuals and groups in an organization. Developers of this principle have substantiated it using a variety of methods such as Field studies, Laboratory studies, Meta analyses, Survey studies, and Case studies. Extended in the formulation of organizational behavior are other academic disciplines-psychology, sociology, economics, anthropology and political science. However, why should an organization, group, or individual make any effort understanding this study? Simply put, knowledge is power. In cased in this body of knowledge lies an overflowing wealth of power. That if introduced can be the pivotal†¦show more content†¦It is the projected principles it stands on. The language management speaks when communicating to labor, the methods it uses when establishing new policies, how it transact corrective measures. The interactions between co-workers, friendly, respectful, an open exchange of information, concern for an ill co-worker, or combative, workers exhibiting Ill get you before you get me attitudes. My first year in my organization there was an operator who recorded in a notebook every infraction all her co-workers made and turned it in to her supervisor. This made the work area counter productive, workers spent more effort fault finding with each other than producing material outputs. A new supervisor solved this problem by shuffling operators to different areas and firing the operator and her notebook. DiversityShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. Its primary purpose is to review and report in the ever expanding study in criminal justice organizational behavior areas in the workforce. This discussion focuses on the forces of change andRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. The goal of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts from the other behavioral sciences to pressing problems that management may be facing, as well as applying organizational behavior to the administrative theory and practicesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Human Behavior1217 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior5621 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. Answer a Page 2 2. _____ is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together toRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organisational Behavior2512 Words   |  11 PagesNowadays with the new millennium speeding towards us and competitive advantage more rapidly than ever, organisational behavior is one of the most direct relevance study for deeper understanding of management context. Indeed, it’s about how people organised and managed at work, which contains the study of leadership, motivation and organisational design to examine human behaviour in relation to various psychological, social and political conditions. The purpose of study this subject from regulatory

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Neptune Gourmet Seafood free essay sample

Neptune Gourmet Seafood is currently struggling with what appears to be a temporary problem of excess inventory. A combination of new coastline regulations and an investment in new fishing vessel technology and freezer trawlers has increased their average catch size while demand in the current segment has not grown as quickly. The Neptune management team is faced with a decision of how to clear out its excess inventory that is not moving fast enough under its Neptune Gold branding. My recommendation is to launch a mass-market product under a different product line in order to monetize excess inventory and position Neptune to capture more of the North American seafood market share. Going forward Neptune management must be more cautious in matching investment in production to growth in market demands. B. Situation Analysis Summary: Neptune Gourmet Seafood is currently North America’s third largest seafood producer with 4% in market share. Tagged â€Å"The Best Seafood on the Water Planet†, Neptune has a reputation to maintain and focuses heavily on its product to keep its customers satisfied. We will write a custom essay sample on Neptune Gourmet Seafood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Neptune has done a great job reaching a variety of customer. 30% of revenues from grocery chains, 33% from wholesalers distributing across the U. S. , and the remaining third coming from sales to the biggest cruise lines and also choice restaurants within 250 miles of Neptune’s headquarters. Through the situation analysis it is apparent that the root cause for excess inventory is a rapid growth in production capacity due to technological investment but less significant growth in its single high-end market segment (See Root Cause Analysis in Appendix D). The two sides of the decision to either cut prices or introduce a new line are best highlighted by the interests and concerns of Jim Hargrove and Rita Sanchez: (See full Stakeholder Analysis in Appendix A for details) * Hargrove argued that the company could not sustain slashing prices by 40-50% since Neptune’s contribution margin had fallen from 25% 22% 20% from 2004 to 2006. Additionally, discounting prices or introducing mass-market brand would tarnish image. * Rita Sanchez argued that with $63 million invested in the 6 new fishing vessels there was no way they could sit idle and not ontinue fishing and growing inventory total. She argued that selling the excess inventory at a loss was better than not selling it at all. Importance of Decision: While the decision for Neptune of what to do with its current excess inventory is vital for short-term financial health, the decision to launch a new lower-end product line will be crucial in terms of the company’s long-term positioning. As the analysis has shown, Neptune’s investment in technology and commitment to product improvement has provided a strong supply of quality product, however, its strong growth in the high-end market does not match its increase in supply. Successfully introducing a mass-market product line while maintaining its high-end Gold product line could potentially help Neptune capture hundreds of millions more of the $20 billion North American seafood industry. If it fails to make the right strategic move at this fork in the road Neptune may continue to lose margins on wasted inventory and be placed in a weaker position where it may need to respond to competitor action. D. Evaluation Criteria and definitions The following criteria are used in evaluating what is best for Neptune Gourmet Seafood 1. Financial Short term – will the alternative create strong cash flow in the short term? 2. Financial Long term – will the alternative create strong cash flow in the long term? 3. Quality of goods produced – will the alternative create or maintain the high quality Neptune customers are accustomed to? 4. Brand Image – will brand image be damaged by the alternative? 5. Competitor’s Response – will competitors respond to the alternative and threaten Neptune’s future success in the market? 6. Low Risk – will the alternative provide a high probability of success? E. Alternatives Two potential solutions were proposed at the Marketing and Operations Council meeting. Rita Sanchez, the sales lead, suggests a reduction in the price of current products by 40-50% or introducing a new lower-market brand reaching value consumers in order to quickly sell the excess inventory. Jim Hargrove, the Marketing Directory, strongly disagreed with either scenario arguing they would permanently tarnish the brand’s premium quality image. A fourth alternative could be to introduce a new premium line while dropping the price of the Gold line to maintain brand image.

Thursday, April 9, 2020

Act 1 Scene 7- Macbeth free essay sample

The scene opens with Hautboys and torches in Macbeth’s castle near the Great Hall. A butler and many servants enter carrying dishes for the evening feast. Macbeth wanders by himself, preoccupied with the thought of killing Duncan, feared of the consequences of his assassination. He is confused about what actions he is going to take and wonders whether it is worth all of his effort. Macbeth starts by saying to himself that if the business could be over, then it would be best to get it done quickly. He talks about the how the assassination could be stating. If the assassination could trammel up the consequence and catch with his surcease, success, that but this blow might be the be-all and the end all here†. As he says the words: bloody instructions, poisoned chalice and deep damnation, we know that Macbeth is aware of how this murder would occur. Macbeth declares that the only thing motivating him to kill Duncan is ambition which he realises that it is a fallacious though t. We will write a custom essay sample on Act 1 Scene 7- Macbeth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Macbeth begins to consider Duncan’s attributes as he says that he is a respectful leader, free of dishonesty. Macbeth also feels of the loyalty towards Duncan as he says that he should always protect him as he is his kinsman and that he is his host who should be closing the door in the murderer’s face, and not murder him. Macbeth has fears of the punishments in the world as it is a terrible sin, and thinks that his bad deed will come back to haunt him. While Macbeth is thinking about the murder he is planning to commit confused and against this crime, Lady Macbeth enters searching for Macbeth. She informs him that that the king has almost finished his dinner and that he should be with them as he has been asking for Macbeth. As Macbeth is not convinced of what he is going to commit, he decided to tell his Lady Macbeth that he does not want to commit this crime by saying, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. † He claims that that the king has honoured him and that he wants to enjoy these honours that the king granted him. By saying this to Lady Macbeth, he sounds determined and reasonable, but it turns out that he doesn’t have a chance against her obsessive contempt. Lady Macbeth asks sarcastically, â€Å"Was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since? † She tells him that this is what she’ll think of his love asking him if he’s scared to act the way he wants. She questions him by asking if he will take the crown or live as a coward saying â€Å"I can’t† after he says â€Å"I want to†. Macbeth defends himself saying, â€Å"I dare do all that may become a man; who dares do more is none† where he is saying that he dares only to do what is proper for a man to do. By this meaning, he says that a real man will risk his life to protect his king, however a man who murders his king is not a true man. Lady Macbeth becomes more scornful as what Macbeth has told her and tells him that, â€Å"when you durst do it, then you were a man†. At the moment Lady Macbeth affirms the ideal chance to kill the king, but Macbeth is backing out making him not a man to commit this murder. Then after mocking Macbeth’s manhood and manipulating him to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth affirms that she’s more man than he is. Lady Macbeth has finally made Macbeth feel of himself and be committed to kill Duncan. He asks her what happens if they fail to kill him and she is against his thought as she describes what they will do. Their plans are to kill Duncan’s attendants drunk, so they won’t be able to protect him and so they will take the blame of Duncan’s murder. Macbeth agrees on Lady Macbeth’s plan by suggesting that they will use the daggers of Duncan and smear his blood on his drunken attendants. Macbeth has his courage up again as he is ready to kill the king after his wife’s manipulation.

Monday, March 9, 2020

The most effective ways to say no at work without sounding rude

The most effective ways to say no at work without sounding rude Being the hard-working determined employee in the company it is so easy to take on way more work than you can handle. The word NO is just not  in your vocabulary because of the negativity it holds. But it is time you say no without feeling guilty especially if you are feeling overworked. Work burn, job dissatisfaction, and overall bad mood can be an effect of taking on way more you can handle so before it gets to that point it is time to take action. Here are the most effective ways to say no at work without feeling guilty or sounding rude.  Source [ Business Backer  ]

Saturday, February 22, 2020

The social network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The social network - Essay Example The dialogues also underline Zuckerberg’s need to belong to one of the prestigious Final Clubs, and his almost rabid obsession. This is strengthened by the success of his friend Eduardo Saverin in getting into Phoenix, one of the exclusive clubs at Harvard. The movie is clearly written from Saverin’s point of view. Thus, the movie alternates between the early days of Facebook [When it was known as ‘The Facebook’] and the independent lawsuits involving Saverin and the Winklevoss twins against Zuckerberg. If the movie had been written from the Winklevoss’ twins perspective, it would perhaps have focused more on the definition of an idea and their allegations that mark Zuckerberg stole their idea. That makes for interesting thought. Did Zuckerberg steal their idea? Or did he improve upon it so substantially that it was something different from their idea? As put by Zuckerberg in the movie, he believes that Facebook was his own product and that the Winklevoss’ team did not have either the competence or imagination to build such a thing. The movie also makes us think about the importance of intellectual property. What was merely an idea in 2004 is now worth billions. Should the Winklevoss team have done something much earlier? Shouldn’t they have filed for restraining orders and injunctive reliefs? Perhaps they should have. However, in that case Facebook would perhaps never have been what it is today. Another important aspect of the film is the analysis of Saverin and Zuckerberg’s relationship with each other. Saverin is portrayed as likeable and someone who tried his best to make Facebook a success. However, it is clear that he does not have control over the frenetic pace with which Facebook develops, and how he ends up losing out to Sean Parker, in terms of Zuckerberg’s affection. At the end Zuckerberg ends up settling with both the parties. However, it would be wrong to castigate Zuckerberg. Mark Zuckerberg

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Fast media report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fast media report - Essay Example The media that was most difficult to avoid was the phone. This is because with the phone am able to access internet, emailing, text messaging, face book and tweeting. In addition, am able to stay in touch with my family members, friends, and colleagues in all corners of the planet with so much ease and at the same time manage projects with teams in different cities within the shortest time possible. Without the phone, I missed my old routine of constant checking my emails, Facebook, and texting with my friends and colleagues. I love the information sharing through the social media platforms and so life without it was very intriguing to me (Simon, 2010). Midway through the exercise, I was feeling isolated and lonely. I imagined that I already had received several calls that I could not answer. I felt the urge and need to check my emails and could only imagine the news and information I was missing in face book and other social media platforms. The dependency was sickening and sucking and I felt that I was on a deserted island where nobody cared about my well-being. The temptation to access the social media platforms kept occurring almost all the time during the eight hours. The eight hours seemed like a month to me and I could not wait to go back to my old routine of social networking, text messaging, emailing, and keeping in touch with all the people I interacted with (Simon, 2010). The media that I missed most was my phone. It was hard for me to go without listening to music that I have stored in my phone. Listening to music when am walking, studying or just doing some chores around the house helps in keeping my moods right. Lack of music forced me to interact with people, open up conversations with people I never used to interact with just to fix my moods. A background that is too quite makes it difficult for me to focus or concentrate on what am doing and

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Objectivity Of The Social Researcher

Objectivity Of The Social Researcher Before addressing the debate, the historical significance of social theory must be addressed as there is a long history regarding issues of objectivity, and value free research. Prior to World War Two, social research was dominated by the paradigm of positivism. Philosophers such as Comte (1798-1857) strongly affirmed that methods applied to the natural sciences such as physics should be applied to the study of social behaviour (Benton Craib, 2001). The positivist perspective placed great emphasis on the objectivity of social research, accepting Science as the only general form of knowledge that produces reliable social scientific knowledge that can be generated into theory applicable to social behaviour within society (Benton Craib, 2001: 23). Moreover, like the natural sciences it requires both logical and empirical support. Causal relationships can be identified and truths can be falsified thus, positivist sociology assumes that law-like generalisations can be derived from socia l research Pedraza (2002: 75). Postivism was widely accepted throughout the nineteenth centuary as science was assumed to be the highest form of knowledge, thus by applying the methodologies of the natural science to the newborn social sciences allowed for some level of acceptance. As far as objectivity is concerned, positivist methodological approaches claim that objectivity is an ideal that is attainable, as the social realtiy of society can be observed it without any antecedents. As a result, the aim of the social scientist is to be exogenously detached from the research subject. Turning to Weber (WEBERREF) changed the direction of social research claiming that although social research should be value free, obtaining completely objective research was impossible. This is simply because researchers are subjective humans. Weber coined the term value free sociology and urged that sociologists need to be unconfined by personal values if it was to make a positive contribution towards society. Weber recognised that personal values would to some extent influence research topics but encouraged objectivity in exploring a topic once chosen. For Weber, value freedom is then a non-judgemental analysis of society in its own terms. Although Weber advocated this approach to social research, it must be acknowledged that values can enter research in a variety of ways ranging from the choice of research area, formulation of the research question; methodology including data collection, analysis of data; interpretation of data and overall conclusions (Bryman, 2008). Following from Weber the epistemological position of positivism has been overtly critiqued by various theorists, particularly those who take an ontological, interpretivist stance. For example, Becker (1964: 245) argues that, there is no position from which sociological research can be done that is not biased in one way or another. Therefore, social research cannot be completely objective as researchers can unknowingly contaminate their exploration of an issue with values developed throughout their own biography. Furthermore, Becker (1964) claims that, sociologists must either write from the position of a superordinate or from that of a subordinate (Lawson, 1991: 591). In addressing this claim, Becker (1964) discusses the credibility of hierarchy which explores the notion that social groups whom are perceived to be superior within a given society are in a position of power that can define the rules of society. The exclusivity of the natural sciences within society is an example of thi s. Becker (1964: 242) goes on to surmise that sociologists challenge this rule by refusing to acknowledge the established status order in which it is surmised that the truth of knowledge is unequally distributed. Therein, Becker suggests that social research should focus on the underdog in order to reform knowledge distribution. This is similar to the view that has been taken up by feminists such has Hartstock (2004: 7) who place emphasis on relativist standpoint theories whereby knowledge is shaped by power relations, that it is socially situated. Therefore those oppressed can give the best account fo the internal workings of their group. Hartstock (2004) attains that prior to feminist sociology, research disciplines and public policy did not account for women as group with their own knowledge. For Hartsock (2004), any social research that does not address the unequal distribution of knowledge, is therefore, potentially skewed. Thus drawing upon the Marxist notion of historic materialism standpoint theorists such as Hartstock (2004) and Harding (DATE) chose to address this with the aim of exercising social research from the position or standpoint of women. It can be surmised from this perspective that it is therefore it is impossible for a social researcher to extract themselves from power relations in thei r own situation. Therefore the feminist approach strongly advocates that objectivity should not be the primary aim of a social investigation. Rather, it is important for researchers to adopt a stance and consider how their values will influence their research. In addition, it should be recognised that feminist researchers shape the results of their analyses no less than do those of sexist and androcentric researchers. The objectivist stance should be avoided as it attempts to make the researchers cultural beliefs and practices invisible, while simultaneously skewering the research objects, beliefs and practices to the display board (Harding, 1987:9). What are the arguments against this? GOULDNER Gouldner is in consensus with Becker that social research cannot be value free yet he openly criticises Beckers claiming that Becker does not address the reasons why sociologists are more inclined to take the side of the underdog. Furthermore Gouldner asserts that is not always the case, the manner which some sociologists conceive the value-free doctrine disposes them to ignore current human problems and to huddle together like old men seeking mutual warmth. This is not our job, they say, and if it were we would now know enough to do it. (Gouldner, 1973: 13) It is clear that subjectivity poses a severe limitation for the positivist objective approach to social research. For Gouldner, however, the positivist approach posed another extensive problem, it was useful to those young, or not so young, men who live off sociology rather than for it, and who think of sociology as a way of getting ahead in the world by providing them with neutral techniques that may be sold on the open market to any buyer (Gouldner, 1973: 12). In others word Gouldner saw self interest as a powerful motivator the outcome of research being affected by the context in what it is undertaken. Thus the social researcher is not necessarily on the side of the underdog. In laymen terms Lawson (1991) suggests that the crux of this debate is the question of whether sociologists are allied with the state, accepting the state as the overall authority or should they adapt a more ethical, moral role in addressing social problems of society. Ultimately social researchers are divided by this dilemma that as Gouldner suggests, depends on the social context of the researcher. What Gouldner recognises is that the attempt of sociologists to draw upon the natural sciences to obtain an objective approach does not entirely fit with social studies and that the institutions in which professional sociologists consult such as government, academia and business can have a profound effect on a researchers values. Parsonian sociologists such as Haak (1994) and Hammersely (2000) are critical on views promoted by Becker and Gouldner arguing that that the politicisation of social research is not only misguided, but inherently dangerous, and that an intelligent and sceptical commitment to the principles of objectivity and value neutrality must remain an essential feature of social research (back cover). Hamersley (2000) promotes the idea of value-free, objective social research placing emphasis on academia as the key institution to producing knowledge. Yet the University as a place for producing knowledge itself is under threat. This can be demonstrated by addressing the tragedy of the anticommons. ANTICOMMONS 300 In response to Hardings Tragedy of the Commons whereby a resource is exploited by overuse, (HellerRosenburg1998)) address the notion of the anticommons where upstream and downstream technologies are compatible for the development of a new product yet the technology is patentable and ownership is fragmented thus the price of the new product becomes high and its consumption ends up being small or there is a gridlock in the development of the products EXAMPLE OF ANTICOMMONS This is not objective research if the notion is to make profit 250 This situation can be directly perceived by examining changes within university systems. For example, in Japan, national universities that conduct public research have transitioned to University Corporations by which there is an emphasis in profiteering from any innovations it may develop (Nishijima, 2004). According to Nishijima (2004) the Japanese ministry of education has advocated universities to acquire patents of innovations and to partake in research activities with private organisations such as corporations. through establishing Technology License Office for the past few years. The transition of National University to University Corporation implies that results of basic research will suddenly change from public goods to private goods and that the anticommons problem will emerge in the product innovation where basic research and development of new products are complementary. In the case of National University, there seems no consensus (no argument so far) on how economists should formulate the objective function of national university.10 Even if we assume that national university behaves as if it maximized a particular objective function such as probability of research success subject to budget and other constraints, equilibrium variables of national university will not be far from those arbitrarily given, as long as the particular objective function is not convincing. Therefore we have no choice but to exogenously give particular values to variables Thus as Oliver (1992) ascribes, social research are sometimes forced to take sides as funding bodies are not willing to take risks and support user-controlled research. The point that Gouldner (1973) puts across is that sociology should focus on social change therefore it must take sides. Essentially, Marx emphasised the need for social research to contribute to social change, The Standpoint of the old materialism is civil society; the stand point of the new is human society, or social humanity. The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point is to change it. (Eastman, 1935) like Marx, Gouldner (1973) believed that sociology should count towards human emancipation thus Gouldner became a strong believer in public sociology. REFLEXIVITY 300 The notion of reflexivity. Researchers must give an indication of the purpose of their research and how they have come to partake in such research This illustrates some of the factors that can affect social research. Namely, the need for profit. PARSONIAN SOCIOLOGY ARGUES FOR EPISTIMOLICAL RESEARCH DISCUSS!! BURAWOY PUBLIC SOCIOLOGY DISTINCTION BETWEEN THOSE THAT ACT AND THOSE WHO DONT As Burawoy (2005: 324) asserts the possibility for public sociology comes from sociologys spontaneous connection to its reflexive relation with civil society. Burawoy clearly recognises that sociology in itself is a reflexive paradigm and suggests that it clearly needs to move from ideological theory to commitment to action. In a sense Burawoy (2005: 325) advocates that social research must take sides claiming like Marx and Gouldner that society should place human society or social humanity at its organising centre. 200 words Whilst this debate continues, a few conclusions can be drawn from this essay. Firstly, it is near impossible for social researchers to complete value free research. There are several factors that account for this. Namely as Gouldner asserts, the social context in which research is conducted. Secondly, It would seem that social research is clearly divided by professional and public sociology. Thus it is not a case of whether or not to take sides but more a case of which side our values empower us to choose. Those inclined towards professional sociology may attain that objectivity is not compromised whereas those inclined towards public sociology may recognise that it can be and even more so, that it is necessary to evoke humanitarian changes.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Foodborne Illnesses :: essays research papers

Foodborne Illness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Foodborne Illness? According to a medical dictionary, foodborne illness is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogenic, bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. Such contamination was caused by improper food handling, preparation or storage of food. Contacts between food and pests, especially flies, cockroaches and rodents are a further cause of contamination of food. Foodborne illness can also be caused by adding pesticides or medicine to food or consuming or by accidentally consuming naturally poisonous substances. That is why foodborne illness can also be called food poisoning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Canada estimates that about two million Canadian suffers foodborne illness per year and CDC (Center for Disease Control) estimates approximately 76 million foodborne illness cases occur in the United States per year. However, many foodborne illness cases are unreported. Some of the most common bacteria and viruses that cause foodborne illness are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Hepatitis. In the following report, you will read some of the major foodborne illness outbreaks in Canada and United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Health Canada, the number of Canadians who has foodborne illness is estimated to be approximately two million per year. As mentioned in the introduction, many foodborne illness cases are not reported. In Canada, it is estimated that for every one case of foodborne illness that is reported, there are 350 cases that are not reported. The ones that are reported are usually major problems. Canada had some major outbreak of foodborne illness through these many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One major outbreak was on March and April 1998. The major outbreak was Salmonella Enteritidis associated with the contamination of cheese in a commercial product. This happened in Newfoundland. Nearly 700 cases were reported, most of which were children that got the illness. It was found that the source of the outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis was the cheese in a prepackaged processed lunch packs. The cheese was contaminated when it was being packaged into the lunch packs. It was never found how the cheese got contaminated, but they discover that the cheese was contaminated before it arrived to the place where the products were processed and packaged. They suspect that something must have happen in Parmalat ¡Ã‚ ¦s plant, the company that provides the cheeses for the lunch pack, because it was only the cheese that got contaminated. However, they will not release any information, so the real explanation of how the cheese got contaminated will never be known.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Ethics and Placebo Trials Essay

Placebo trials are experimental trials that involve the administration of a substance that does not really have any effect on the individual’s system. This means that it is a neutral trial that will have neither positive nor negative effects on the physiology of the person it is administered on. Whatever positive benefits may be derived out of placebo trials are merely therapeutic and may arise from the potency of the power of suggestion. These trials are most often used in randomized control trials in investigating the effectiveness of a specific treatment. (Miller and Brody, 3) However, with the rise of the use of such trials, there have been many more questions raised. Are these placebo control trials indeed necessary? What ethical issues are raised with the implementation of placebo trials? The debates regarding the ethicality of placebo trials in investigative research continue to rage across the scientific community. The discussion has become so complex that the sides taken regarding the matter have evolved to more than just â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† to the question of placebo ethicality. There have been numerous aspects of placebo trials that have undergone the scrutiny of those directly involved with fields utilizing these trials. The main aim of this paper is to understand the obligations of medical practitioners who are employing placebo trials in their own scientific investigations of the effectiveness of various treatments. What ethical standards should these individuals, physicians and the like, take into consideration when conducting investigative researches with placebo trials? Glass and Waring The main problem with a physician’s utilization of placebo trials for investigative purposes is the fact that they are part of the profession that involves the assurance of optimal health for their patients. Some of the researchers and critics exploring the ethical holds on medical practitioners with regards to placebo trials have looked at it from a legal standpoint. Glass and Waring (582) indicate that they have foundâ€Å"no legal precedent allowing physicians to ‘opt out’ of their professional obligations because they are researchers in addition to being physicians†. It is emphasized that the physician must do all in his power in order to insure that the client receives all possible modes of treatment that would maintain or enhance his or her health. As a researcher, the physician is viewed as a fiduciary, a person delegated with power that will be used for the benefit of another person and who is held legally against the highest standards of conduct. The physician-researcher as a fiduciary, then, has a moral ascendancy over his or her patient-subject. (Glass and Waring, 578) This means that a placebo trial that would involve having the physician-researcher observe the null effect on the health of a patient-subject and at the same time have knowledge of the betterment of the health status of patient-subjects in the other experimental trials. (Glass and Waring 579) Thus physician’s are now ethically compromised and even legally liable for their utilization and continuation of the placebo trial. Knowing that there is a treatment that could improve the health of those in the placebo arm of the experiment but not applying that treatment on the participants in that arm indicates their sacrifice of the health of those participants for the scientific progress afforded by research data. The ethical responsibility of the physician-reseracher, therefore, is in the fact that clinical studies of treatment effectivity make use of participants who have been diagnosed with the specific medical condition hoped to be treated by the experiment’s procedure. Hawkins Hawkins (484) states that the true problem faced by physician-researchers is a moral one. The moral norms and societal dictates placed upon those in the medical profession involve the fact that they need to be able to give a sick person all the possible chances of being treated. However, Hawkins (484) points out that this moral responsibility is limited. She states clearly â€Å"researchers do not owe effective treatment to everyone around them. † (473) The obligations of a physician to his or her patient are enclosed within a given framework, that of the physician-patient relationship. In order for such a relationship to be established, the physician must come into agreement with the client that he or she will indeed act as one half of that relationship. The same agreement must be made on the part of the client. Although this agreement may not be explicit, it is nevertheless positively acknowledged by both parties. (Hawkins, 476) There is, according to Hawkins, no ethical dilemma in a physician-researcher’s use of placebo trials. Just because these researchers have had medical training and have taken a medical oath does not mean that they are always in the role of a physician. These are individuals that have many other different roles as fathers, mothers, non-practicing physicians, friends and the like. The role they take as a researcher, therefore, does not mean a continuation of their role as a physician. (Hawkins, 479) The obligations of an individual in the role of a researcher is separate from his or her role as a physician thus their obligation in placebo trials involves simple assurance that the participant will not be harmed by the procedure that will take place. Miller and Brody Some critics of placebo control trials state a weakness in therapeutic obligation of physician researchers as the main grounds of contestation of the ethical foundations of the said trials. Miller and Brody (8) state that even when based on the principles of clinical equipoise, an ethical basis of assigning participants in different experimental arms which involves disagreement among experts as to the effectiveness of either arm, therapeutic obligation is still a weak attack against the ethics of placebo trials. The individuals who knowingly participate in experiments with placebo arms are not exploited as long as no harm befalls them. Also, they are aware that they enter the experimental set-up as participants in a research and not as patients of the researchers who happen to also be physicians. (Miller and Brody, 5) Miller and Brody thus state that â€Å"placebo trials are not unethical just because they withhold proven effective treatment†. (6) It is thus seen that the responsibility and obligation of the researcher with regards to the ethicality of placebos is not in their therapeutic obligations as physicians. However, this does not mean that placebo trials are completely ethical. This also does not mean that researchers are devoid of ethical obligations to their participants assigned to placebo arms of the investigative experiments. The ethical obligation of the researcher in placebo trials is the same as that of researcher in any clinical trials. This involves the proper acquisition of informed consent from the participants. Also, researchers must be able to assure the fact that participants will not be exploited or put in harmful situations. Miller and Brody also insist that researchers must first establish that the investigation has scientific merit and that scientific merit is increased with the implementation of the placebo trial. (8) Analysis and Argument All three articles assessed above have merit and, at the same time, also have faults. Glass and Waring (582) stating that no legal precedents were found that indicated physicians were no longer tied to their professional obligations is faulty. In much the same way that a lawyer does not have to give counsel to every jaywalker he or she sees, the physician likewise does not have professional obligation over individual’s whose relationship to him is simply that which exists between researchers and participants. I also disagree with Hawkins’ statement that morality is what binds the physician thus the use of placebo trials is not unethical. What is ethics but a concept in the realm of morality? Yes, there are standards and regulations with regards to ethical conduct. However, as a whole, ethics is based on morality thus a moral problem is, in fact, an ethical problem. The middle ground taken by Miller and Brody also seems to be misled. A placebo trial is not equivalent to other clinical trials. It involves factors that are not present in other trials, such as the exposure of the participants to neutral treatment. In other clinical trials, there is still exposure to some form of treatment thus there is an effort to aid the participant. I believe, however, that physician-researcher’s obligations to the patient-participant, is limited solely to the relationship of researcher and participant. The role taken by the individual is not that of a physician but that of a researcher. The participants are also aware that they enter into the experiment not as patients but as participants. Although they are not given the chance to undergo possibly effective treatment, it is not the moral obligation of the researcher to insure that they do. Even if, for example, a person persists to smoke, I am not morally or ethically obligated to make sure that he or she stop. Placebo trials are valid research designs and should not be stopped simply because of a feeling that it is unfair to those who, in the first place, willingly submitted themselves to the experiment’s conditions. Works Cited Glass, Kathleen G. , and Waring, Duff. â€Å"The Physician/Investigator’s Obligation to Patients Participating in Research: The Case of Placebo Controlled Trials. † The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33 (2005): 575-585 Hawkins, Jennifer S. â€Å"Justice and Placebo Controls. † Social Theory and Practice 32 (2006): 467- 496. Miller, Franklin G. , and Brody, Howard. â€Å"What Makes Placebo-controlled Trials Unethical? † The American Journal of Bioethics 2(2002): 3-9

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Characteristics Of Oedipus - 1406 Words

Sophocles is very influential and one of the first great play-writes. One of his greatest characters is no-doubt Oedipus the king. Oedipus is one of the most complex and interesting characters ever put to paper. Oedipus’ actions are very unique and human, in the context of books. Oedipus has many different character traits, such as his hubris, determination, and knowledge, however all of them blend seamlessly together in a very believable and human way. When Oedipus first introduces himself to us he already displays one of his greatest traits. He is summoned to his balcony because a messenger of the Gods has returned to him with news. â€Å"My sons!† (Sophocles 1) He cries out. Oedipus views himself in a very Godly and fatherly way. He saved†¦show more content†¦You are blind in mind and ears as well as in your eyes.† (22) Oedipus summons Tiresias to his castle in hopes that he would tell him good news. After Tiresias does not tell him what he wants to hear, and accuses him like Creon, Oedipus turns on him and calls him a traitor. Prideful people view themselves and their needs as more important than others, Oedipus also views his position of authority very highly. When people challenge his authority he, due to his pride and hubris, reacts very aggressively. Oedipus, throughout the book, displays great determination. This may be an effect of his hubris, his overconfidence in the way he views himself has led him to believe that he can do anything, so he tries to. Soon after Oedipus discovers that he must find a murderer in Thebes, he vows to Creon that he will find this murder, and questions him vividly. â€Å"Oedipus: Where are they? Where would a trace of this old crime be found? Creon: The clue is in this land, so said the God.† (10) Oedipus truly wants to find the killer, whether this is to prove himself or save Thebes is up to interpretation, however he asks Creon many questions about the killer. If Oedipus was just hubristic and not determined he wouldn’t care about Laius’ murder, because he would view himself above the Gods and their punishments. However, he questions Creon and vows to find the murderer with him. Along with his questioning of Creon, Oedipus invokes a curse onto theShow MoreRelatedCharacteristic s Of Oedipus1043 Words   |  5 Pages Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex is a book about a man named Oedipus, who before he was born had a prophecy to fulfill. The prophecy stated that Oedipus would kill his Father and marry his mother. Oedipus had many flaws, with one being inner blindness. Oedipus’s flaws and inner blindness played part in him being a static character because he was oblivious to the clues all around them, if he had caught the clues in time he could have saved his family of embarrassmentRead MoreCharacteristics Of Oedipus The King928 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution on, like in the US. In Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex the king, Oedipus, was very well liked because of his heroic act of solving the Sphinxs riddle, ridding the city of the monster, which led him to become the king of Thebes. During his rule, a plague spreads throughout the city, killing many people, forcing the people go to their king to plead for the help of their heroic king to once again save the city. A prophecy from Apollo was given to Oedi pus which said, in order to save the city, theRead MoreCharacteristics of a Tragic Hero in Oedipus the King by Sophocles1238 Words   |  5 Pagesof a tragic hero, it can be concluded that Oedipus is a tragic hero. Oedipus The King was written by a well-known tragic dramatist named Sophocles. This story is considered to be one of the greatest tragedies of all time. In fact, the Marjorie Barstow of the Classical Weekly says that it â€Å"fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree† (Barstow). It is also very controversial because of the relationship that Oedipus has with his mother, although it was unknownRead MoreEssay about Tragedy in Sophocles Oedipus The King and Antigone 1403 Words   |  6 PagesTragedy in Sophocles Oedipus The King and Antigone The Greeks considered tragedy the greatest form for literature.   However, the tragic ends for the characters were not ordained or set by fate, but rather caused by certain characteristics belonging to that person.   Such is the case with the characters of Sophocles plays Oedipus the King and Antigone.   Oedipus from King Oedipus, and Antigone and Creon from Antigone posses characteristics, especially pride, that caused their tragic ends.   AsRead MoreOedipus Rex970 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus: An Exceptional Man In all the passages that have been written through history on how an excellent man should behave, one writing stands out from all of them. Aristotle’s, The High-Minded Man. This manuscript explains that for any play to be truly considered a tragedy, its hero must meet Aristotle’s standards for a high-minded man. In the tragedy of Oedipus Rex, by Sophacles, Oedipus clearly meets the requirements to be called a high-minded man. Oedipus is expressive about his thoughtsRead MoreThe Characters Of Hubris In Oedipus The King1032 Words   |  5 PagesHubris is one characteristic of humans that leads to people committing evil deeds. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus struggles with facing the truth about his fate. His hubris leads him to be an arrogant and ignorant person throughout the play. Hubris also leads Oedipus to lose control over his emotions on multiple occasions in the story. In Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, Oedipus’ character flaws clearly ou tweigh his positive qualities. Oedipus’ rage, pride, and ignorance are the main characterRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero987 Words   |  4 PagesLike most greek tragedies, Oedipus the King had a tragic hero whose downfall was the result of a tragic flaw. Oedipus, like other greek characters, did not see his errors until his reign was coming to an end. Oedipus, the man who saved Thebes did not understand that every good thing must come to an end. A tragic hero defined by Aristotle has five characteristics that lead to their downfall and their understanding of why the situation happened. Oedipus is the ideal tragic hero because his downfallRead MoreOedipus The King : A Classical Tragedy1272 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus the King is a classical tragedy that derives its meaning through the experiences of its tragic hero, Oedipus. Throughout the play, the eminent characteristic of Oedipus is his ignorance of the truth that inevitably leads to his down fall. This ignorance of truth is a characteristic found within the Aristotelian definition of a tragedy. Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle in his Poetics, are imitations of actions and are not narrative. This means that tragedies are often demonstratedRead MoreDiscuss The Importance Of Oracles To Oedipus Rex1620 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss the importance of oracles to the ancient Greeks and specifically, to Oedipus Rex. Include a consideration about whether human actions are the result of predestination (Fate/Destiny) or free will. What does Sophocles seem to believe on this issue? After reading the passage throughly, I feel that for the ancient Greeks fate was an important aspect to their daily lives it shaped and formed human life. Fate has evolved during the years mainly because for the Greeks it was seen somethingRead MoreOedipus Rex And The Downfall Of Oedipus951 Words   |  4 PagesA man has many defining characteristics. Some characteristics are positive, and others negative. There are times a potentially positive characteristic may cause his eventual downfall. This concept could be directly related to the story Oedipus Rex. Aristotle once said something to the effect that the tragic hero falls into bad fortune because of some flaw in his character. Essentially, he is telling us those characters, like Oedipus, have flaws that, under normal circumstances, would be a beneficial